Zhang Lu, The Daoist Philosopher Liezi  (album leaf), early 16th century. Shanghai Museum. Zhang Lu (ca. 1464–1538) was a professional painter from Kaifeng in Henan Province. He is often regarded as one of the leading Zhe School artists after Wu Wei, yet seventeenth-century literati critics also categorized him among the “wild and heterodox” painters. Much of Zhang’s surviving oeuvre consists of figure painting, a genre in which he both inherits Zhe School conventions and ass